{"id":23095,"date":"2021-02-05T15:05:27","date_gmt":"2021-02-05T20:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moove.store\/neuralink-reveals-working-brain-to-machine-interface"},"modified":"2021-11-10T09:48:01","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T14:48:01","slug":"neuralink-revele-une-interface-cerveau-machine-fonctionnelle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.moove.store\/fr\/neuralink-revele-une-interface-cerveau-machine-fonctionnelle","title":{"rendered":"Neuralink r\u00e9v\u00e8le une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lors d’une d\u00e9monstration en direct, Elon Musk a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que Neuralink avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 installer une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur d’un cochon. Neuralink, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d’Elon Musk sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le \u00ab\u00a0brain-hacking\u00a0\u00bb, a fait la d\u00e9monstration d’une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle en direct le 28 ao\u00fbt.<\/span><\/p>\n

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu’un ordinateur de la taille d’une pi\u00e8ce de monnaie avait \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9 dans le cerveau d’un cochon appel\u00e9 Gertrude. Pendant que le cochon explorait son environnement, le dispositif Neuralink, reli\u00e9 aux neurones connect\u00e9s au museau de Gertrude, d\u00e9tectait l’activit\u00e9 neuronale. Ces pics \u00e9taient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s en temps r\u00e9el sur un graphique et sous la forme d’une s\u00e9rie de signaux sonores.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musk a ajout\u00e9 que le dispositif est install\u00e9 dans le cerveau de Gertrude depuis deux mois.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gertrude a \u00e9t\u00e9 rejointe dans la d\u00e9monstration par deux autres porcs – Joyce, qui n’avait pas d’implant, et Dorothy, qui avait un implant install\u00e9 puis retir\u00e9. Cela d\u00e9montre que le dispositif peut \u00eatre retir\u00e9 si n\u00e9cessaire, ou si une am\u00e9lioration est disponible.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musk a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait install\u00e9 plusieurs dispositifs Neuralink dans un autre cochon soumis \u00e0 des tests. Le dispositif Neuralink a la taille d’une grosse pi\u00e8ce de monnaie et des fils le relient au cerveau \u00e0 quelques centim\u00e8tres du dispositif. \u00ab\u00a0C’est comme un Fitbit dans votre cr\u00e2ne avec des fils minuscules\u00a0\u00bb, a not\u00e9 Musk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le dispositif se compose d’une sonde comportant plus de 3 000 \u00e9lectrodes fix\u00e9es \u00e0 des fils souples plus fins qu’un cheveu humain. Chaque \u00e9lectrode peut surveiller l’activit\u00e9 de 1 000 neurones du cerveau \u00e0 la fois. Le dispositif peut lire ou \u00e9crire des donn\u00e9es sur 1024 canaux, ce qui lui permet de lire et de stimuler l’activit\u00e9 neuronale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour installer le dispositif, un petit trou, d’un peu plus de deux centim\u00e8tres de large, est perc\u00e9 dans le cr\u00e2ne. L’appareil est plac\u00e9 dans le trou du cr\u00e2ne et des \u00e9lectrodes en sortent pour atteindre environ quatre millim\u00e8tres de la surface du cerveau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis la pr\u00e9sentation du dispositif original, Neuralink l’a rendu plus petit et plus simple. \u00ab\u00a0Il y a environ un an, nous avions un dispositif qui comportait plusieurs parties, dont une pi\u00e8ce qui devait se placer derri\u00e8re votre oreille, et qui \u00e9tait complexe et n’avait pas l’air tout \u00e0 fait normal\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Musk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au cours de la pr\u00e9sentation, il a indiqu\u00e9 que la batterie avait une autonomie d’une journ\u00e9e enti\u00e8re et qu’elle \u00e9tait con\u00e7ue pour \u00eatre charg\u00e9e par induction pendant la nuit. Les donn\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre transmises par Bluetooth avec une port\u00e9e pouvant atteindre 10 m\u00e8tres.<\/span><\/p>\n

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9galement con\u00e7u et construit un \u00ab\u00a0robot neurochirurgical\u00a0\u00bb pour effectuer la chirurgie n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’installation du dispositif. Il est capable d’ins\u00e9rer 192 \u00e9lectrodes dans le cerveau chaque minute.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musk a not\u00e9 que seul un robot est suffisamment rapide et pr\u00e9cis pour installer le dispositif. \u00ab\u00a0Vous voulez que la chirurgie soit aussi automatis\u00e9e que possible et la seule fa\u00e7on d’atteindre le niveau de pr\u00e9cision n\u00e9cessaire est d’utiliser un robot de pointe.\u00a0\u00bb Dans le cadre du processus, le robot prend des images du cerveau pour \u00e9viter les vaisseaux sanguins afin de pr\u00e9venir les saignements.<\/span><\/p>\n

De plus, Musk a ajout\u00e9 que l’automatisation serait n\u00e9cessaire pour g\u00e9rer les milliers d’op\u00e9rations potentielles si l’utilisation de Neuralink se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisait.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musk a estim\u00e9 que l’installation du dispositif prendrait environ une heure, les patients pouvant quitter l’h\u00f4pital le jour m\u00eame sans anesth\u00e9sie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n

Fond\u00e9e en 2017, Neuralink vise \u00e0 permettre aux gens de contr\u00f4ler des machines en utilisant leur esprit. Elle se concentre dans un premier temps sur les patients souffrant de troubles neurologiques graves, tels que la d\u00e9mence, la maladie de Parkinson et les l\u00e9sions de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette technologie pourrait permettre aux personnes de contr\u00f4ler des proth\u00e8ses en connectant leur cerveau \u00e0 distance aux appareils, via le dispositif Neuralink.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musk a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que le dispositif peut pr\u00e9dire avec pr\u00e9cision la position des articulations lors du d\u00e9placement des membres, ce qui signifie qu’il peut th\u00e9oriquement influencer le mouvement du corps \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. En outre, avec la capacit\u00e9 de faire fonctionner deux dispositifs pouvant interagir \u00e0 distance, un Neuralink pourrait \u00eatre install\u00e9 dans le cerveau d’une personne souffrant d’une l\u00e9sion de la colonne vert\u00e9brale et un autre du c\u00f4t\u00e9 oppos\u00e9 de la cassure. Cela permettrait de contourner la zone endommag\u00e9e et de laisser le cerveau envoyer des signaux \u00e0 la colonne vert\u00e9brale via le dispositif.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au cours d’une s\u00e9ance de questions avec les scientifiques de Neuralink, les d\u00e9veloppeurs ont not\u00e9 que le dispositif est actuellement limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la surface du cerveau, o\u00f9 se produisent la plupart des contr\u00f4les moteurs et des fonctions audio et visuelles. Cependant, ils ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les \u00e9lectrodes pourraient \u00eatre install\u00e9es plus loin dans le cerveau, atteignant les parties qui influencent la sant\u00e9 mentale et aider \u00e0 traiter des conditions telles que la d\u00e9pression, l’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et la d\u00e9pendance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toutefois, l’objectif \u00e0 long terme de M. Musk est de cr\u00e9er une \u00e8re de \u00ab\u00a0cognition super humaine\u00a0\u00bb afin que les humains puissent r\u00e9ussir la transition vers l’IA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lors d’essais pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 faire contr\u00f4ler un ordinateur par le cerveau d’un singe.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’entreprise a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 commencer les essais sur l’homme en 2019. Musk a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l’entreprise avait re\u00e7u la Breakthrough Device Designation de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration am\u00e9ricaine des pharmaciens (FDA) en juillet et qu’elle se pr\u00e9parait actuellement \u00e0 ses premiers essais sur l’homme.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Par Michael Behr
\n<\/span>R\u00e9dacteur principal, DIGIT<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lors d’une d\u00e9monstration en direct, Elon Musk a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que Neuralink avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 installer une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur d’un cochon. Neuralink, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d’Elon Musk sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le \u00ab\u00a0brain-hacking\u00a0\u00bb, a fait la d\u00e9monstration d’une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle en direct le 28 ao\u00fbt….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[266],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nNeuralink r\u00e9v\u00e8le une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle - Moove<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.moove.store\/fr\/neuralink-revele-une-interface-cerveau-machine-fonctionnelle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neuralink r\u00e9v\u00e8le une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle - Moove\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lors d’une d\u00e9monstration en direct, Elon Musk a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que Neuralink avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 installer une interface cerveau-machine fonctionnelle \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur d’un cochon. 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